加拿大研究生考试如何攻破GRE阅读逻辑题
An alarming number of Mediterranean monk seals,an endangered species,have recently died.Postmortem analysis showed the presence of an as yet unidentified virus,as well as evidence of a know bacterial toxin.Seawater samples from the area where the seals died did contain unusually high concentrations of the toxic bacterium.Therefore,although both viruses and bacterial toxins can kill seals,it is more likely that these deaths were the result of the bacterial toxin. GRE阅读
1.Which of the following,if true,provides additional evidence to support the conclusion?
A.Viruses are much more difficult to identify in postmortem analysis than bacteria are.
B.Mediterranean monk seals are the only species of seal in the area where the bacterium was found.
C.The bacterium is almost always present in the water in at least small concentrations.
D.Nearly all the recent deaths were among adult seals,but young seals are far more susceptible to viruses than are adult seals.
E.Several years ago,a large number of monk seals died in the same area as a result of exposure to a different bacterial toxin.
最近,大量的地中海monk海豹都死翘翘了。尸检分析显示,确实发现了一种未识别身份的virus和一种已知的bacterium。海水的样本也表明,确实存在着高浓度的bacterium。
然后,就得到了结论说,尽管virus和bacterium都能够杀死海豹,但是,更有可能的是,这些死亡是由bacterium导致的。
What?刚刚才和我说A和B都会导致死亡,然后,马上就说更有可能的是A?!这莫不是,说好一起到白头,你却偷偷焗了油?
还好,本题又是一个加强题,所以,很自然地就想到,我们需要补充说明,为啥是bacterium而不是virus?
具体怎么操作呢???送给大家三个字:踩对方。
如何踩对方?
就本题而言,我们就需要把virus给踩下去,来说明为什么virus不行。从而,bacterium就被加强了。此处我就不和你们展开讨论了,为什么不能直接说bacterium很厉害,它就会导致死亡。详情请戳冲分班,猛戳,使劲戳~
D选项正确:最近的死亡都是发生在成年的海豹中,而年经的海豹更容易受到病毒的影响。
年经的海豹更容易受到病毒的影响,但是它们没死,死的是成年的海豹,说明导致海豹死亡的原因是bacterium,从而,virus被踩下去,bacterium被加强。
A选项错:这个大家都能判定,但是错误的原因,很多同学会认为是削弱了原文的结论。
这就有一个问题,这类同学默认了病毒还是细菌容易识别与否和导致不导致死亡是有关系的(事实上,二者没有必然的联系)。而A选项最好的理解是,对原文已知细节的重复、补充。
B选项错:就算该地区还有成千上万种其它海豹,该选项还是不能解释,到底是什么导致的海豹的死亡。学在加拿大
C选项错:其实这个选项和A选项类似。
大家就想一个问题,物质浓度的高低和导致不导致死亡有没有必然联系,肯定是没有的咯。
E选项错:这个选项非常容易排除。说两个与写作相关得术语:时间外推(several years ago)、类比错误(different bacterial toxin)。