GMAT作文Issue部分如何不跑题

    “A company's long-term success is primarily dependent on the job satisfaction and the job security felt by the company's employees.”

    这道题讨论的是“企业长期成功”(a company's long-term success)与“工作满意度及工作稳定度”(job satisfaction and job security)之间的关系。相对应的补集概念为“企业长期失败”与“工作不满意及工作不稳定”。那么，在以上所叙述的四个集合之间展开的讨论，都是属于紧扣题意的。

    如果错误使用Argument寻找他因的思路，考生就容易去思考“企业长期成功”除了依靠“工作满意度及工作稳定度”之外，还要依靠新兴市场、企业美誉度、商业联盟等因素，即可能形成类似下面这种范文段落：

    I agree that business success is more likely when employees feel satisfied with their jobs. Employees who dislike the workplace or their jobs are not likely to reach their potential performance levels; they may tend to arrive late for work, perform their tasks in an unimaginative and sluggish manner, or take excessive sick leaves. Nevertheless, a firm's long-term success may equally result from other factors such as finding a market niche for products, securing a reputation for quality products and services, or forming a synergistic alliance with a competitor. This list hardly exhausts all the factors that can contribute to a firm's ultimate success, and no none of them—including job satisfaction—is pivotal in every case.

    以上段落中，前半部分论述得当，而后面的划线部分内容就有跑题之嫌。因为，这种发散的思路，从形式上，缺少了一组重要的关键词——“工作满意度及工作稳定度”;从内容上，把文章带领到了一个无边无际的他因海洋之中，严重稀释了原有命题所应有的论证内容，这种发散思路只适用于Argument的批判写作。

    再比如，一位考生在讨论“领导者”与“道德”之间的关系时，主体第一段写“领导者需要有道德”，第二段写“领导者除了要有道德之外，还需要有沟通能力”，第三段写“领导者除了有道德和沟通能力外，还需要有团队合作能力”。可见，这篇文章，除了第一段扣题之外，第二和第三段都属于跑题段落。